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London Metropolitan University

Copyright and Intellectual Property

Illustration for Instruction

🎓 Educational Use for Instruction & Examination

Teachers can use works to:

  • Illustrate a point in class
  • Support teaching materials

✅ Must be within a school or university setting
❌ Not for commercial use
✅ Applies when licensing schemes (e.g. CLA, ERA) don’t cover the material

Criticism, Review and Quotation

📚 Quotation, Criticism & Review

You can use short extracts for:

  • Academic critique or analysis
  • Quoting in essays or articles

✅ Must be genuinely for discussion or assessment
✅ Applies to all types of works (text, images, video, etc.)

Fair Dealing

Copying and Using Extracts

🔍 Research & Private Study (Non-commercial)

You can copy short extracts for:

  • Personal study
  • Non-commercial academic research

❌ Not for publishing or sharing
✅ Applies to all types of works, including performance recordings

Parody, caricature and pastiche

🎭 Parody, Caricature & Pastiche

You can use copyrighted works to create:

  • Satirical content
  • Humorous reinterpretations
  • Social commentary

✅ Must be transformative and not a direct copy
✅ Introduced in UK law in 2014

Text & Data Mining

🧠 Text and Data Mining (TDM)

Researchers can copy works to:

  • Analyse large datasets using software
  • Discover patterns or trends

✅ Must have legal access to the material (e.g. via subscription)
✅ Only for non-commercial research
✅ Proper attribution is required

News Reporting

📰 News Reporting

You can use short extracts to report current events.
❌ Does not apply to photographs
✅ Must relate to a present issue of public interest

 

Preservation

🏛️ Preservation or Replacement Copies

Libraries, archives, and museums can make copies to:

  • Preserve works in danger of becoming obsolete
  • Replace lost or damaged items in their permanent collections

❌ Only applies if no other copy is available commercially